How To Become an Electrician

Apprentice electrician

An apprentice is the most basic level of electrician. An apprentice is required to go through a structured program designed to train them in the electrical trade, combining on-the-job training with classroom instruction, allowing them to learn both practical skills and theoretical knowledge under the guidance of experienced Journeyman or Master electricians. These programs typically last 4-5 years. After completing an apprenticeship, individuals can become licensed electricians, and may have opportunities for advancement, such as becoming a journeyman, or master electrician.

Journeyman electrician

Journeyman electricians are at an intermediate level in the electrician career path, between an apprentice and a master electrician. They are licensed to perform electrical work independently, meaning they can work on projects without direct supervision. Journeyman electricians are skilled in installing, maintaining, and repairing electrical systems in various settings, including residential, commercial, and industrial buildings. They have completed a 4–5-year apprenticeship program and a minimum of 8000 hrs. of on-the-job experience to gain the necessary skills and knowledge. They are licensed to work as journeyman electricians, which means they have passed a licensing exam and meet the requirements of their state or local jurisdiction. Journeyman electricians can continue their career path by studying and training to become master electricians.

Master electrician

Master electricians possess in-depth knowledge of electrical systems, codes, and regulations. They are responsible for planning, designing, and overseeing electrical projects, including pulling permits and managing teams of journeymen and apprentices. They supervise and train other electricians, ensuring projects are completed safely and efficiently.

To become a master electrician, individuals must obtain the highest level of electrical licensing, which varies by state. Becoming a master electrician typically requires years of experience as a journeyman electrician, followed by additional training and passing exams.

How to become an electrician

To become a licensed electrician, you'll need to follow these steps:

1. Earn a high school diploma or the equivalent

Before pursuing a career as an electrician, you'll need to earn a high school diploma or the equivalent. Though a majority of the job relies on specific skills related to the industry, there are plenty of academic concepts that electricians utilize daily. Some school subjects that offer valuable skills for this career are:

• • Algebra and Trigonometry: Electricians must use mathematical skills to determine things such as wiring lengths, and the calculation of angles for electrical conduit installations.
  • Physics: Electricians need to understand basic scientific concepts to effectively calculate items such as voltage, current and resistance.
  • English: This profession will often require technicians to read technical documents.
  • Shop and mechanical drawing classes: These can also be useful in teaching electricians to design and install electrical systems in buildings and other structures.

2. Apply for an apprenticeship

You must finish an apprenticeship to become a licensed electrician. You can find an apprenticeship several ways to include:

• • Through a trade school: Trade schools typically offer apprenticeship and job placement opportunities.
  • Through a union: The Joint Apprenticeship & Training Committees, or JATC, has locations in almost every major city across the United States. The JATC will place you with a local union employer and will likely facilitate and host any classroom and lab-based technical training at their office. 
  • Through a non-union: Whether or not to join a union is ultimately a decision that every apprentice must make for themselves. Two primary organizations offer apprenticeship placement with non-union electrical contractors: the Independent Electrical Contractors, or IEC, and the Associated Builders and Contractors, Inc, or ABC. Both of these organizations have locations in most major cities.

While applying to become an apprentice, you may be asked to complete an aptitude test that will test reading comprehension as well as mathematics skills. Additionally, you will likely be asked to complete a job interview, take a drug test and meet specific physical requirements.

3. Register as an electrician apprentice

Some states require that electrical apprentices register before being allowed to work on job sites. Research your state's requirements before beginning work.

4. Complete your apprenticeship

Your apprenticeship will be the core of your training to become an electrician. It combines classroom instruction with on-the-job training, as well as mentorship and supervision from a journeyman or master electrician. As mentioned above, most states require that you complete at least four years of apprenticeship before taking the journeyman exam. An apprenticeship will cover training on topics like:

• • Deciphering technical diagrams and construction blueprints for electrical plans
  • Installing, maintaining and repairing electrical wiring and electricity-distribution equipment
  • Ensuring that all work is done in compliance with national, state and local regulations.
  • Using special devices to test and inspect electrical systems for issues.
  • How to perform your job safely.

5. Get licensed or certified

The requirements for licensing and certification vary by state and even city, so be sure to research any qualifications necessary for working in your area. If your area does require that you obtain a license, you may also have to pass an electrical exam. This exam will test your comprehension of the National Electric Code, safety protocols, electrical concepts and building codes. You will also have to offer proof that you have completed your apprenticeship.